Understanding Sensory Processing and how it can impact Mental Health
Sensory Processing – What is it and What Does it Mean?
Introduction

Sensory processing refers to the way the nervous system receives, organizes, and responds to sensory input from the environment. For many children, sensory processing occurs naturally and efficiently (automatically and without voluntary effort). However, for some, sensory processing can be a challenge, impacting their daily functioning and development. This blog post explores its significance, and the implications for child development, occupational therapy, and mental health.
What is Sensory Processing?
Sensory processing involves interpreting all the information in to and out from our bodies.
Sensory processing involves interpreting all the information in to and out from our bodies. It is the mostly automatic process of how our our nervous system receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information from our environment. It involves various senses including; touch, taste, smell, sight, and sound. As well as three lesser-know senses; proprioception (awareness of body position) and vestibular (balance and movement) sensations and introspection (internal body cues). Effective sensory processing allows us to make sense of our surroundings and engage in meaningful activities. When sensory processing is disrupted, it can lead to over- or under-reactivity to sensory input which in turn can affect behavior and daily activities.

Understanding Sensory Reactivity
Sensory reactivity refers to how individuals respond to sensory input, which can vary greatly from person to person. Some individuals may be hypersensitive, experiencing intense discomfort or distress in response to certain sensory stimuli; while others may be hyposensitive instead seeking out strong sensory input to feel grounded or regulated.
The Impact on Mental Health

Sensory processing difficulties can have a significant impact on mental health and well-being. For individuals with sensory sensitivities, everyday experiences may feel overwhelming or anxiety-provoking, leading to increased stress and emotional dysregulation. These challenges can also interfere with daily activities, social interactions, and academic or occupational performance; contributing to feelings of frustration, isolation, or low self-esteem. Children with sensory processing challenges may struggle with activities that others find routine; such as dressing, eating, and participating in social interactions. Early identification and intervention are crucial in supporting these children to develop effective coping strategies and improve their daily functioning. There is emerging evidence related to sensory reactivity and mental health outcomes with children with autism – more info is in the reference list!
Occupational Therapy
Occupational Therapists play a vital role in assessing and treating children with sensory processing issues. They use evidence-based practices (check here for the latest evidence – STAR) to develop individualized intervention plans that address each child’s unique needs. By creating structured activities and modifying environments, Occupational Therapists help children enhance their sensory processing skills, promoting better engagement in daily activities.
Evidence-Based Practice
Research in the field of sensory processing and mental health continues to evolve and grow, with studies exploring the effectiveness of various interventions and strategies. Evidence-based practices, informed by research findings and clinical expertise, guide OTs in providing the most effective and individualized care for their clients.
Conclusion
Understanding sensory processing and its impact on child development is essential for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. With the right support and interventions, children with sensory processing challenges can achieve significant improvements in their daily lives.
References
- Case-Smith J, Weaver LL, Fristad MA. A systematic review of sensory processing interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders. Autism. 2015 Feb;19(2):133-48. doi: 10.1177/1362361313517762. Epub 2014 Jan 29. PMID: 24477447.
- Miller, L. J. (2017). Sensational kids: Hope and help for children with sensory processing disorder (SPD). Perigee Trade.
- STAR Institute for Sensory Processing Disorder. (n.d.). About SPD. Retrieved from STAR Institute.
- Tavassoli, T., Hoekstra, R. A., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2014). The Sensory Perception Quotient (SPQ): Development and validation of a new sensory questionnaire for adults with and without autism. Molecular Autism, 5(1), 29.
- Rossow, T., MacLennan, K., & Tavassoli, T. (2022). The predictive relationship between sensory reactivity and depressive symptoms in young autistic children with few to no words. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-11
- MacLennan, K., Rossow, T., & Tavassoli, T. (2021). The relationship between sensory reactivity, intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety subtypes in preschool-age autistic children. Autism, 25(8), 2305-2316
- Rossow, T., MacLennan, K., & Tavassoli, T. (2021). The relationship between sensory reactivity differences and mental health symptoms in preschool-age autistic children. Autism Research, 14(8), 1645-1657
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